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Perhaps I wasn't clear: I didn't say there was no difference between resident and non-resident contributions, I meant to say there was no distinction between normal elected contributions, and forced contributions (ie catch-up contributions forced into a Roth401(k)).

I'm saying that if any Roth or ...

The folio was written with consideration of the treaty article that you quoted, and is well known.

As I said earlier, I don't see how there would be a distinction between different types of Roth401(k) contributions. Personally I would avoid making such contributions, as in my opinion it will make ...

Since the poster is a Cdn resident, the rollover to w Roth is not advisable. This would be considered Cdn contribution, effectively breaking the tax-freeness of the Roth fir CRA purposes.
Other than the fact that annuities are not viewed favorably by most advisors, in times of low interest rates ...

Whether or not you filed as US resident, you are allowed to participate in an HSA, if you have an HDHP. You won't be able to deduct your contributions on your Cdn return however.

What plan does your spouse have. If she is in an HDHP, you both can have an HSA, whether you have your own plan or not.

This year, Thanksgiving was on the latest possible November date, very close to December 1, so that may have caused some delays on the US bank side. Glad it showed up.

The treaty overrides any of these CRA regulations, so FICA is an acceptable foreign tax.

Article II(2)(b)(iii)

I doubt that it meets the requirements of either FBAR or 8938.
HOWEVER, she is becomeing a beneficiary of a foreign trust, which introduces 3520 issues, and at the very least It is also a gift, reportable on 3520, assuming her parents are non-YS citizens.

Why are the parents going through this ...

... your own home.

Assuming you left Canada in a previous year, and are thus a non-resident, you would file a non-resident return, reporting no income (income subject to NR tax, like dividends and interest are not reportable on a non-resident return, and include SCH 7. Nothing to do with treaty.

Be sure that your Cdn ...

It is to be reported as income (on the other pension line -11500, see the tax guide for line 11500), and then deducted on the treaty line (25600). Thus it is included in the income used to determine OAS clawback. Same for Social security benefits: the entire amount is included on 11500 and the 15 ...

NOT in and IRA. IRA's are like RRSPs in the sense that it doesn't matter what happens inside the IRA, or what kind of investments are held , any withdrawal is 100% taxable in US (and this in Canada).

Now in a straight investment account in US (not in an IRA or any other kind of thrust), inherited ...

I will talk about the IRA:

If one inherits an IRA, there is no income or estate tax for the mother. Your wife however would have to take distributions from the IRA as income either immediately or spread over max 10 years. This distributions would be taxed in US first and Canada, with credit given ...

Well, since 401(k) is treated as a pension, and contributions made to the Roth "feature" while Cdn resident are ignored, then the taxation part will be as any other pension: what is not taxed in US cannot be taxed in Canada.

Since CRA has made this interpretation, I don't see how "forced" Roth401(k) contributions could be considered any different that "normal" elected Roth401(K) distributions.
However, I would be careful, in light of the last 3 paragraphs of the folio, that there appears to be a distinction between ...

So you had a job in Canada while you lived in US? This income would be reported on your 1040, so you could use the CDn tax on that wage, as an FTC in that year. Or was this only in the year that you moved?

Your house sale is passive, so any built up CDn tax that you did not used can be added to the ...